Showing posts with label 5. Show all posts

Tuesday, December 13, 2016

RAID 5 RAID 6 Or other altErnativE

RAID 5 RAID 6 Or other altErnativE?

Here we are with the next part of our RAID series. This time the article will concern RAID 5, RAID 6 and two alternatives – RAID 5E and 5EE. Take a look…

RAID 5

RAID 5 is one of the most popular implementations. It works almost the same as RAID 4 but with one difference. The parity bits are not recorded on a specifically prepared disk – they are dispersed throughout the matrix structure. What does this mean in the case of failure? Well, it is much easier to recover data (in case of failure of one disk). Also, the read speed is much higher (in comparison to RAID 0).

However, as usually happens, there are also some drawbacks. The necessity of calculating checksums causes a lower write speed. RAID 5 is also expensive in the case of the array reconstruction – if one of the disks have to be replaced after failure. Also read and write operations will slowdown in such case due to the need of calculating checksums.

RAID 5 is the best solution when we talk about data safety. In the case of failure the system will automatically rebuild the lost data so that they can be read (however, the current performance of the matrix will be reduced).

RAID 5

For more information about RAID 5 mode of action take a look here: “How does RAID 5 work? The Shortest and Easiest explanation ever!” by Janusz B?k.

RAID 6. The next level of excellence and complexity

RAID 6 is sometimes called RAID 5+1. It is because its mechanism is based on RAID 5. Generally it is RAID 5 but array enriched with one additional disk. Thus it contains two independent checksums. It is more reliable, but its implementation is more expensive.

RAID 6

RAID 6 is resistant so much so that its work will be impossible only after the failure of at least three disks. What does it mean? One important thing: It is two times more resistant than RAID 5. What is more, the speed of the whole system is higher than in the case of a single disk. It makes RAID 6 an almost ideal solution (if we do not take into account the costs of implementation).

Enhanced RAID

RAID 5E

RAID 5E (Enhanced) works similar to RAID 5. It stripes data and parity across all of the drives in array. The main reason is a built-in spare drive. Thanks to that, RAID 5E offers good data protection and better throughput. Also read and write operations are more efficient in the case of RAID 5E. It is because of this that such actions proceed faster in the case of four physical disks rather than three with an idle hot spare.

If we take into account the advantages of RAID 5E – good data protection, large storage capacity and high performance (higher than in the case of RAID 5) – we may ask: why it is less used in practice? The response should be sought in relation to its disadvantages.

The main drawback of such a solution is that the spare drive cannot be a part of any other array. So, if there is a need to implement its functionality to another array, preparing another spare drive is the only way. The second thing is RAID 5E supports only one logical drive in one array. And the most important – the thing which makes RAID 5E a useless solution in most cases – it is firmware-specific. Not every kind of controller can support this RAID level (in contrast to i.e. RAID 5).

RAID 5EE – Hot Space

RAID 5EE is an extended version of RAID 5E. It stripes data and parity across all of the drives in the array but it has a more efficient distributed spare. Its rebuild time is also faster.

RAID 5EE provides good data protection – like in the case of RAID 5. It also increases throughput – by using an additional hot spare disk in the array. Thanks to that, in the case of failure, when we have to replace the failed drive, the data from the “Hot Spare” emergency area are automatically transferred to it (to the new drive). The exempt space is than raised as an emergency space.

In this case, the difference between RAID 5E and 5EE is that the RAID 5EE spare is interleaved with the parity blocks (it does not use contiguous free space for the spare).

RAID 5EE requires a minimum of four drives. Just like RAID 5E it is also firmware-specific. It means we can expect problems with a controller. Also implementation costs, and any other – i.e. in case of failure, can be high. So we can say that this option is similar to RAID 5E.

Other possibilities

As it is easy to imagine, there are many solutions based on RAID. We have presented only the basic possible implementations. Although it does not mean the end. We can still point toward: RAID 1E, RAID x0, RAID 6E, 6EE and other. If you want to read about any of them, just let us know. We will do our best to give you the information you need.

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RAID 5 and RAID 6

RAIDs utilizing parity function(s)

RAID 5

RAID 5 utilizes the combination of striping and parity techniques. In case of RAID 5 the flow of data is split into the blocks of a certain size (block size) which are then written onto the member disks in turn. In each row one of the disks is assigned to store a certain checksum, so called parity function, which is calculated based on the data from other member disks in the row. In case of a single disk failure, the missing data can be calculated using the parity. In such a way fault tolerance is provided.

A minimum of three disks is required for RAID 5. Theoretically, the maximum number of the disks is not limited, but in practice, it is needed to take into account the controller capacity in case of a hardware RAID. The capacity of the array is (N-1) times the size of the smallest member disk for the array of N disks.

Thus, the capacity of one disk is used to store the parity function data to provide fault tolerance.

Reads in a RAID5 array

Read speed in RAID 5 is the similar to that of RAID 0 provided that the number of disks is the same. However, due to the fact that it is useless to read the parity data, the read speed is just (N-1) times faster but not N times as in RAID 0.

Writes in a RAID5 array

Writing data with the size less than the block size requires the following actions to be done:

Read the old data block;
Read the old parity block;
Compare data in the old block with the newly arrived one. For every changed bit, change the corresponding bit in parity.
Write the new data block;
Write the new parity block.

As can be seen, the parity updates decrease the system write performance.

For writes which are equal to or bigger than the size of a row consisting of N data blocks, write speed is a bit faster because it is not required to read the old blocks and look for changes.

RAID 5 layouts

There are four different types of RAID 5 depending on where the parity blocks are located and in which order the data blocks are written (note that the first block in each row is colored red in the diagrams below):

Left and right arrays are determined by how the parity blocks are distributed onto the member disks. Synchronicity and asynchronicity define the order of the data blocks.

For RAID 5 recovery, all these parameters should be detected in addition to the block size, the start offset, and the order of the member disks.

RAID 6

RAID 6 uses both striping and parity techniques but unlike RAID 5 utilizes two independent parity functionswhich are then written to two member disks. Typically, one of these parity functions is the same as in RAID 5(xor function), while the second is more complex. The parity data helps to recover data in case of simultaneous failure of two member disks.

A minimum of four disks is required to create RAID 6. The capacity of the array is (N-2) times the size of the smallest member disk for the array of N disks.

Read speed is (N-2) times faster than in case of a single disk - two disks in the row hold a parity which is useless to read. Such read speed values are roughly the same as in RAID 5.

There is no performance increase as to the write speed in RAID 6, because every new write requires a recalculation and update of two different parity blocks.

RAID 6 is rather expensive storage option. However, when it is needed a large and reliable storage, thenRAID 6 is one of the best choices, because it protects data if two disks failure happens. This can occur when:

an array is rebuilding (so called rebuild time);
a wrong disk is hot-swapped due to operator error.

Recovery considerations

When one disk is missing from a RAID 5 set, there is a certain speed penalty because the data stored on a missing disk must be recalculated. However, the recalculation is still significantly faster than having to try to read a physically damaged drive. Hence, you should avoid using drives that are known to be physically damaged (multiple bad sectors or similar issues) for recovery.

Although the RAID 6 can be rebuilt by the controller with N-2 disks available, ReclaiMe Free RAID Recovery requires N-1 disks to recover RAID6.

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Data Recovery from RAID 5 to Computers failure

Introduction

So, youve ignored SAM and gone and run on a RAID 5. Then, through some elder gods handiwork, two of your disks drop off the RAID at the same time rendering your RAID 5 inaccessible. Your skin pales as you realise your last backup was *coughcough* months ago and close to useless. What to do? WHAT TO DO!?!

First things first - stop. Stop everything. Well, keep breathing, but stop everything else. Slow your mind and calm down.

Two disks dropping out of a RAID 5 simultaneously is odd. Its unlikely to be a hardware issue on both drives, so it could be a software issue.. possibly an incorrectly referenced or corrupt RAID config. If so, things may not be as bad as they seem and indeed, you may be able to recover everything.

This How-To addresses recovering data from failed RAID 5 arrays on Desktop PCs, a situation we all dread (and should avoid by running OBR 10). It is generic, and where assumptions are made they are stated.

Failing to have a recent backup is going to be expensive. Hopefully you already have the necessary hardware available to recover but if not, youll need to make a few purchases.

Depending on how the following steps pan out, you may not be successful in data recovery and you should accept that is a possibility. A lot of variables have to align to allow you to recover, but before admitting defeat stick your chin up, take a deep breath, and ... switch your PC off.

Steps (10 total)

Shut it off!

First things first, shut your PC down.
Reason: your existing PC is a plague to your RAIDed disks at the moment, the controller can likely still access your disks and thinks its in its old raid config. While like this, there is the potential for extra writes to occur on those disks and this risk needs to be eliminated.
Keep it shut off. Dont switch it back on until you can pass the next step. Where possible, the entire RAID recovery needs to be performed in one long period without interruption.

Here.. just take my card.

To enable you to recover the data, youll need to have the necessary hardware.

1. A NAS or spare PC with significantly large network storage share.
Reason: an equal amount of space available somewhere else. If you had 3 x 1TB disks in RAID 5, you will need at least 3TB storage elsewhere. Likewise, if you had 5 x 3TB drives, youll need 15TB storage available on the network. This How To assumes you have a NAS with enough spare storage available, and is accessible on the network and ready for writing. Ka-ching!

2. An alternative disk connection. This can be a spare PC with spare disk ports, or an external HDD mount. This How To assumes you use a USB HDD dock
Reason: Since the RAID controller is the interface between your OS and the disks, your OS can only see the corrupted RAID, and may not even see the individual disks depending on the RAID corruption. Your disks will need to be removed from the existing controller and attached via an alternate means to a bootable Windows OS. If youre plugging them into a different PC, ensure the disk controller isnt the same model as the one controlling your failed RAID (which basically means ensure its a significantly different motherboard model). An external USB3 HDD dock is a safe bet, and not too expensive.

3. UPS me up, Scotty!
Reason: Youll need enough UPSs for all components during recovery. It/they need to be able to power a PC, a NAS, a switch/router and a USB HDD Dock in the event of a decent power failure. You know itll happen during this process (damn you elder gods!) so best protect against it.

4. R-Studio Network Edition. Prepare to buy it, but not yet. Get the trial for now.
site: http://www.r-tt.com/
download: http://www.data-recovery-software.net/Data_Recovery_Download.shtml
store: https://secure.r-tt.com/cgi-bin/Store?id=1
Reason: Its the most stable, assured, and fastest RAID reconstruction/recovery tool Ive encountered (from recent experience, Jan 2013). There are other tools such as Zero Assumption Recovery that will probably suffice, but my personal recommendation is R-Studio. Since this How-To assumes youre recovering to and from a NAS or network share, the Network Edition is required. If you have uber space locally, the standard version is fine.
If you make it through to seeing your files later in this process, youll need to then purchase R-Studio, but in the meantime just download the trial. Install it.

5. ReclaiMe Free RAID Recovery
site: http://www.freeraidrecovery.com/
download: http://www.freeraidrecovery.com/download.aspx
Reason: This automates finding the correct parameters for reconstructing a virtual RAID, and gives clear and concise R-studio instructions when finished. And its free! If youre handy with a hex editor, you can ignore this program and follow the R-Studio tutorials on finding RAID parameters (http://www.r-tt.com/Articles/Finding_RAID_parameters/). This How To assumes youre using this program, so install it.

Disassemble number 5!

Youre about to pull your PC apart and take those failed drives out. At this point, I recommend documenting everything and labeling cables and drive placements. Its not entirely necessary but its good to know what connected to what and where if you ever want to escalate this to a forensic Data Recovery Center. The more info the better.. and the cheaper.
Once documented, anti-static yourself and carefully remove your failed RAID drives.

Check your integrity at the door

One by one youll need to verify the physical integrity of your drives by running your vendors checking utilities.. e.g:
IBM/Hitachi -- Drive Fitness Test
SeaGate -- SeaTools
Western Digital -- WD Diagnostics/Lifeguard
So, plug in each drive to the dock and run the tests. DO NOT ATTEMPT ANY REPAIRS, run this in read-only mode ONLY. A random write to the could wipe out your chances of recovery. We just want to make sure your drives are physically OK.
If two disks fail because of a mechanical issue or your drives are dead, unfortunately youre hosed. Nothing to do except take it to a Data Recovery Centre. Youre probably looking at around $1,000 per recovered disk to get the experts to do it. Sorry, but this is by and large your only shot from here.
If one disk fails and the rest are fine you still have a shot. Continue.
If none fail and all your disks are fine, great! Continue!

Snap that image

Expand

One by one, assuming your disks are physically fine, you need to use R-studio to take disk images of your failed RAID drives. If any disks failed the integrity check in Step 4, dont image those as it can corrupt the overall integrity of the virtual RAID later on - only image your physically OK disks.
To do this:
- ensure you have a Mapped Drive to your NAS or network storage share. This How To will assume you labeled it S: (R-Studio didnt like using UNC paths to take images)
- attach a HDD to the USB dock and ensure its powered up and visible in Windows (if not readable).
- open R-Studio
- in the drive list on the left, right-click your failed drive and select "Create Image"
- in the popup window, Main Tab, select Byte-to-Byte image, and for the Image Filename, rename it to be unique and on the mapped network share (e.g. "S:disk-01.dsk")
- click OK and wait until finished (could be hours to days)
- repeat for all disks, uniquely naming each image file on the file share.

ReclaiM your RAID parameters

Expand

So, youve physcially checked your disks and theyre OK. Youve successfully created images of those disks and theyre ready on the network. Now the clincher - you need to find if the RAID is able to be deciphered.
Close R-Studio
Open ReclaiMe Free RAID Recovery.
- Click on the drop-down arrow on the Disks icon up the top and select "Open disk image"
- Navigate to your NAS share and select all your uniquely named .dsk files you just made in R-Studio.
- back at the main screen, tick the checkboxes next to each of your disk images.
- click the big green Start RAID 5 icon up the top.
- let it do its thing. This step can take hours or days, or even weeks. For 4 x 2TB images it took 2 days on my system. Let it be and try to keep anything away from the PC and NAS and router/switch while it runs.

There is a "Confidence" meter shown during analysis. If this gets to 100% before the "Progress" meter then things are looking good. If the Progress meter gets to 100% while Confidence is low, the amount of data you can recover is diminished, if any. For RAID data recovery, as in life, high Confidence is what youre after.
When finished, ReclaiMe will give you instructions for R-studio. Copy it into a document and save/print it for reference later.

Peek a boo, I see you

Expand

Using the instructions given to you by ReclaiMe, follow them exactly. And by exactly, I mean exactly.
Heres an example what youre likely to have:
-------------------------------------------------------
These instructions are provided for R-Studio version 5.1
1. Launch R-Studio
2. On the toolbar, click "Open image". Enter "S:ST2000DM001-9YN164CC4C-Disk3.dsk" as the file name, click "Open"
3. On the toolbar, click "Open image". Enter "S:ST2000DM001-9YN164CC4C-Disk1.dsk" as the file name, click "Open"
4. On the toolbar, click "Open image". Enter "S:ST2000DM001-9YN164CC4C-Disk2.dsk" as the file name, click "Open"
5. On the toolbar, click "Create Virtual RAID". Then, select "Create Virtual Block RAID" from the dropdown menu.
6. Right click the disk list on the right, select "Add S:ST2000DM001-9YN164CC4C-Disk3.dsk" from the pop-up menu.
7. Right click the disk list on the right, select "Add S:ST2000DM001-9YN164CC4C-Disk1.dsk" from the pop-up menu.
8. Right click the disk list on the right, select "Add S:ST2000DM001-9YN164CC4C-Disk2.dsk" from the pop-up menu.
9. On the right side of the R-Studio window, set "RAID type" to "RAID5".
10. Below that, set "Block size" to "64 KB".
11. Below that, set "Block order" to "Left Asynchronous".
12. In the "Parents" table, enter "0 Sectors" as "Offset" in all rows.
13. Below the RAID diagram, click "Apply".
14. On the left panel, "Virtual Block RAID 1" is the newly created RAID. Double click it to start recovery.
Generated by ReclaiMe Free RAID Recovery build 889, www.FreeRaidRecovery.com
-------------------------------------------------------
Notice that the order in which you load drive images is not sequential, nor is it when you add the images to the Virtual Block RAID. Perform the steps as instructed in the order it advises.

Also, the last step (14) is slightly misleading. Double-click on the "Basic data partition" listed beneath the root Virtual Block RAID (rather than the "Virtual Block RAID 1" itself), and that will begin recovery.

The process of mapping the Virtual Block RAID is quite fast in comparison to what youve done so far, just a few minutes after beginning youll be presented with a data recovery screen that lists all the folders/files that it could find.

Test recovery

Expand

In the R-Studio "File View" window, the folder list on the left, expand the Basic Data Partition, expand the Root.
This lists all the folders/files that it could find. Hopefully for you, it lists a lot.. maybe even everything!
Time to test a single file recovery:
- navigate your folder list and find a file youd really like but that isnt too big,
- select it by ticking the checkbox beside it
- click the "Recover Marked" icon up the top and follow the prompts as to where youd like to save the file.
Sometimes recovering files can take some time. For me I recovered about 1.5TB per day across the network, but it could differ for you.
Test the recovered file - if its complete and satisfactory, make sure youve saved the instructions from ReclaiMe on how to set up the Virtual Block RAID for R-Studio.

If successful, its time for you to purchase R-Studio Network Edition.
store: https://secure.r-tt.com/cgi-bin/Store?id=1

Its also time for some semi-drastic, but highly recommended action....

Lose your FakeRAID, lose your RAID 5. We have the technology.

Youre ready to recover your data from the NAS to your PC, so youll need your disks back in your PC.

So to start off, close everything and shut down cleanly.

At this stage you should reconsider using a RAID 5 - it is inherently fragile for current drives (read up on some of Spiceworks SAMs posts on this). Where possible grab yourself an even number of disks, buy another one if you have an odd amount, and rebuild your RAID as a RAID 10.

So, take all your disks to the original PC, plug them all back (I do it in order that I took them out, but its of no consequence now), and start er up.

Jump into your RAID config and remove all existing RAID settings and create a new RAID 10 with all drives. RAID 10 is really the way to go. Its highly recommended.

This will destroy all data on your disks so just in case, keep your NAS running to minimise risk of corruption on restarts.

Also, if youve been using FakeRAID (RAID run by the motherboard controller) consider getting yourself a proper RAID card and running your drives from there. If the controller goes on the fritz, you could be paddling without a .. paddle ..

Wait until the new RAID 10 is configured and initialised and boot into Windows.

Following Step 7, get back into R-Studio and rebuild the Virtual Block RAID so that you can see all your files again.

Restore at will to your PC, back to whence they came.

Three rules of storage - backup, backup, backup

Now that you have all the data you want back, time to do some housecleaning.

If you have the space, perform a backup now. If you need, you can delete the images of your disks off the NAS first, but only if absolutely necessary and youre confident that you wont lose anything.

Get a backup system in place, preferably automated. That means if you lose a RAID again its of no consequence due to having recent backups. Check your backups often to ensure theyre being taken successfully.

You maybe used to think you didnt need backups. I hope youve learned this is not the case.

So, in the wise words of every moderator in Spiceworks, "Backup, backup, backup"
"And ... backup"

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How To Speed Up an Android Phone Easily with 5 Simple Tips

All Smartphones and computers have given the best performance and speed when it is new. After the month of use, they will slow down gradually. It’s because of the non-maintenance and having too much of applications. Android phones are also not exemption in this case, you have to maintain your Android phone to get the speed and Performance.

Fortunately, you can improve Speed of android Phone again with simple steps. Here,I’ll show you how to get the best performance and speed from your Android devices with ease. By using the following tips, you can increase the speed of Android phone without rooting.

5 Tips to Speed Up Android Phone and Tablet

1. Clean up the App Cache

All Android Apps that will write their data in the App cache memory and use your system resources quite often and will slow down your Android phone. You can avoid this by clearing app cache in the settings of each app. However, if you have many apps, that will take time to clear your App cache manually.

You can use App cache cleaner to remove those files from Android system easily with one click. Here, we have previously written about the Best 5 Apps to Clean & Optimize to Increase the speed of Android Phones. Use those apps to clean app cache , unused files, residual files, search history and uninstalling apps. It can do more than you think.

2. Uninstall the Unused Apps

Apps makes the smartphone even smarter. While having too many apps will kill your system resources, because many apps will run in the background and access the processes always. Many background processes, certainly will slow down your Android Phone. To Fix this problem to get the Speed of Android phone again, you have to uninstall the Unused Apps.

Manage applications option, found under Settings > Applications > Manage applications

Also, you can use the Android Cleaner Apps to uninstall the Apps and their data.

3. Remove the Adware, bloatware and Malware

Like Windows Operating system, Android is so popular in smartphone Industry. Because of these popular and millions of apps in the Play store, Android is vulnerable to many security threats. The Attractive free apps may have install adware and even malware in your phone.

The annoying Adware will use your valuable system resources to show the irritating ads in the home screen. To remove that you have to secure your Android phone with Mobile Antivirus Apps. Many Free yet best Security and Antivirus Apps are available in Play store. Just install the Android Antivirus apps and remove those craps from your phone.

4. Remove the Unnecessary Widgets

Just install the App launcher for shortcuts and remove those shortcuts. Also, the Widgets too have eaten your memory resources, so try to remove the unnecessary widgets from your Android home screen.

It will give you some amount of space and resources to speed up the Android phone further.

5. Turn off the Wireless data connectivity

Many Internet apps like Gmail, Facebook will always connect with Internet and using your data resources regularly. All that syncing will slow down your system and drain your battery power. Simply turn off the data usage and preserve some resources to gain the performance. Go to Settings >Data usage > Off.

Read our 5 Best Android Apps to Boost Android Battery life

Do you know any other simple tips to increase the speed of Android phones and Tablets? Share here!

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Alien Shooter is an isometric arcade game from Sigma Team created in 2003. It is the first title in the Alien Shooter series to be followed by Alien Shooter: Vengeance.
You are a marine tasked with clearing out a experimental laboratory where teleportation devices have allowed legions of aliens to pour into our world. You have been given explosives to open up the sealed doors into these top secret areas, they had a security measures in place so there will be stationery minigun turrets available to take them out.
The government has given you access to all the most advanced weaponry available in hopes of ridding this problem after receiving too many casualties of the previous military assault. A heavy burden is placed on one man.
Is a topdown view allowing the use of a variety of weapons and items, through the use of cash you can unlock more weaponry, restock ammo and obtain expensive biomechanical implants that will make your fighting abilities super human.

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5 aplikasi sulap membuat game

Membuat games memang bukan hal yang mudah. Kamu membutuhkan pengetahuan yang baik tentang bahasa pemrograman untuk membuat suatu game, lalu desain gambar yang akan kamu gunakan, ditambah lagi musik/sound effect sebagai pelengkap game kamu. Wah, pusing ya?

Untungnya sekarang ini segala sesuatunya jauh dipermudah, ada beragam aplikasi yang bisa kamu gunakan untuk membuat games di iDevices (iPhone, iPad, iPod) kamu tanpa membutuhkan skill coding. Saya sendiri mencatat setidaknya ada 5 aplikasi pembuat game sederhana yang bisa kamu coba. Langsung saja, kita simak ke-5 aplikasi berikut.

1 GamePress - Create, Share, Play by UntitledD

GamePress adalah aplikasi pembuat game 2D di iPad yang cukup lengkap bagi saya. Kamu memang tidak membutuhkan skill coding di sini. Sebagai gantinya kamu harus paham dan mengerti tentang logic. Setiap objek di sini belum memiliki behaviour/ fungsi. Artinya kamu harus menambahkan fungsi untuk setiap objek yang ada. Misalnya: membuat koin pick up menghilang setelah di ambil atau membuat karakter kita kehilangan satu nyawa saat terserang musuh.

Untungnya untuk melakukan setiap hal tersebut tidaklah terlalu sulit dengan menggunakan aplikasi ini. Interaktif tutorial yang diberikan cukup jelas, belum lagi terdapat banyak video tutorial yang bisa kamu tonton untuk membuat kamu mahir dalam menggunakan aplikasi ini. O ya, aplikasi ini juga tersedia secara gratis. Kamu bisa menggunakannya sebagai langkah awal untuk belajar membuat suatu game 2D sederhana.

2 Createrria – craft your games by Incuvo

Createrria merupakan aplikasi pembuat game platformer tanpa koding yang sudah pernah saya bahas beberapa bulan lalu. Creatteria terdiri dari 2 fitur utama, di mana kamu bisa “Play” (bermain) maupun “Create” (mendesain game sendiri). Tenang, kamu tidak perlu cemas dengan yang namanya logic di sini, karena setiap objek yang ada sudah memiliki behaviournya masing-masing. Createrria adalah aplikasi yang tepat bagi kamu yang ingin mencoba mengasah kreativitas dalam merancang suatu level (level designing).

3 Sketch Nation Studio by Engineous Games Inc

Sketch Nation Studio adalah aplikasi yang menggunakan sketch/coretan karya kamu sendiri sebagai object utama pembuat game. Mulai dari karakter pemainnya hingga background. Kamu bebas berkreasi di sini, kamu bisa menggambar objek-objek secara langsung melalui iDevice kamu atau menggambarnya lebih dulu di kertas lalu memfotonya. Membuat game seperti doodle jump, jetpack joyride, dan endless game lainnya bukanlah perkara yang sulit lagi. Kreativitas dan coretan kamulah yang paling berperan di sini.

4 Pixel Press (Coming Soon December 2013)

Di antara yang lainnya, Pixel Press mungkin adalah aplikasi pembuat game paling ajaib di mata saya. Mengapa? Saya sendiri memang belum pernah mencobanya secara langsung. Namun berdasarkan preview yang dibuat oleh Hendri beberapa bulan yang lalu, kamu bisa melihat bahwa untuk membuat suatu game, aplikasi ini hanya memerlukan 4 langkah saja.

Pertama, gambar sketsa di kertas kit yang sudah dirancang khusus. Kedua, ambil foto dari kertas gambar kamu itu. Langkah ketiga, desain game kamu sedemikian rupa agar terlihat menarik dan terakhir mainkan dan bagikan ke teman-teman kamu. Rencananya aplikasi ini akan rilis di App Store pada bulan Desember 2013 seharga $10. Cukup mahal memang, namun saya rasa itu akan sebanding dengan pengalaman bermain yang diberikan. Jika kamu tertarik membelinya, kamu bisa mulai menabung dari sekarang

5 Game Tracer by Rock Pocket AS

Game Tracer adalah aplikasi pembuat game platformer bergrafis 3D. Sayangnya kustomisasi dan fitur-fitur yang disajikan di dalamnya kurang begitu banyak. Pilihan-pilihan di dalamnya tergolong biasa dan standar. Terdapat 1 slot gratis yang bisa kamu gunakan untuk membuat game. Jika kamu ingin membuat game lebih banyak lagi, kamu bisa upgrade ke fitur premium untuk membuka NPC dan 3 tema lainnya seharga Rp 39.000.

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Yahoo Messenger 11 5 Full

Yahoo! Messenger (sometimes abbreviated YIM) is an advertisement-supported instant messaging client and associated protocol provided by Yahoo!. Yahoo! Messenger is provided free of charge and can be downloaded and used with a generic "Yahoo! ID" which also allows access to other Yahoo! services, such as Yahoo! Mail, where users can be automatically notified when they receive new email. Yahoo! also offers PC-PC, PC-Phone and Phone-to-PC service, file transfers, webcam hosting, text messaging service, and chat rooms in various categories.
Yahoo! Messenger was originally launched under the name Yahoo! Pager on March 9, 1998.
In addition to instant messaging features similar to
those offered by ICQ, it also offers (on Microsoft Windows) features such as: IMVironments (customizing the look of Instant Message windows, some of which include authorized themes of famous cartoons such as Garfield or Dilbert), address-book integration and Custom Status Messages. It was also the first major IM client to feature BUZZing and music-status. Another recently added feature is customized avatars. Yahoo! Messenger also allows users to access Yahoo! Chat Rooms.

With Yahoo Messenger 11.5, stay connected with your facebook friends and chat with them.

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cara merawat Flashdisk yang benar dan tepat. Berikut adalah beberapa tips yang mungkin akan berguna memperpanjang umur atau masa pakai dari Flashdisk kamu.

Cabut Flashdisk Dengan Cara yang Benar

Tak banyak pengguna yang tahu bagaimana prosedur yang benar dalam mencabut Flashdisk ketika sedang tercolok di Komputer. Apalagi ketika Flashdisk sedang bekerja (membaca dan menulis data), tentu dengan pencabutan paksa akan merusak komponen Flashdisk itu sendiri.Ini ibarat mematikan PC langsung dari Sumber Listriknya. Cara mencabut Flashdisk yang benar adalah klik icon yang ada di pojok kanan bawah yang bergambarkan icon USB, lalu klik Eject.

Jangan Terlalu Sering Menggunakan USB Hub

Penggunaan USB Hub memang cukup digemari oleh banyak kalangan, karena memang hal tersebut memberikan kenyamanan tersendiri, pasalnya dengan menggunakan alat tersebut Port USB akan bertambah jumlahnya.Hanya saja, Hal tersebut tidaklah baik untuk kesehatan Flashdisk, apalagi jika digunakan secara rutin, karena jika USB Hub yang digunakan daya strum-nya tidak begitu cocok, alhasil proses (baca dan menulis) akan menjadi lebih lambat, dan tentunya hal ini tidak baik bagi Flashdisk itu sendiri.
Oleh karena itu, Gunakan USB Hub hanya dalam kondisi tertentu, misalkan Port USB sudah penuh, dan jangan sekali-kali gunakan USB Hub untuk melakukan copy file diatas 500MB.

Jika Tercebur ke Air, Jangan langsung digunakan

Ini adalah Tips penting, Pada dasarnya, Jika sebuah Flashdisk tercebur ke air, tidak ada kerusakan yang akan dialami. Hanya saja, kamu harus menunggu Flashdisk tersebut sampai benar-benar kering. Misal, Tercebur hari ini, maka kamu harus menunggunya dan memastikan bahwa Flashdisk itu kering sampai esok hari.Dengan begitu, dijamin Flashdisk kamu tidak akan rusak, dan tetap akan bisa beroperasi normal seperti biasanya.

Rajinlah Menggunakan Port USB Belakang PC

Pada dasarnya, Sebuah PC memiliki 8 Port USB (4 dibelakang & 4 didepan). Tapi port yang didepan keterhubungan dengan kabel lainnya, itulah mengapa ketika kita melakukan sebuah Copy File, maka akan lebih cepat prosesnya jika mencolokan Flashdisk dibelakang PC.Pasalnya, Flashdisk atau hampir semua Storage Device dirancang untuk digunakan searah, jadi harus dicolokan hanya dalam kondisi satu arah saja.

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info RAID 5

RAID

This article is about the data storage technology. For other uses,

RAID (originally redundant array of inexpensive disks; now commonly redundant array of independent disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple disk drive components into a logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy or performance improvement.^[1]

Data is distributed across the drives in one of several ways, referred to as RAID levels, depending on the specific level of redundancy and performance required. The different schemes or architectures are named by the word RAID followed by a number (e.g. RAID 0, RAID 1). Each scheme provides a different balance between the key goals: reliability,availability, performance, and capacity. RAID levels greater than RAID 0 provide protection against unrecoverable (sector) read errors, as well as whole disk failure.

§History

The term "RAID" was invented by David Patterson, Garth A. Gibson, and Randy Katz at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987. In their June 1988 paper "A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)", presented at the SIGMOD conference, they argued that the top performing mainframe disk drives of the time could be beaten on performance by an array of the inexpensive drives that had been developed for the growing personal computer market. Although failures would rise in proportion to the number of drives, by configuring for redundancy, the reliability of an array could far exceed that of any large single drive.

Although not yet using that terminology, the technologies of the five levels of RAID named in the paper were used in various products prior to the papers publication,^[3] including the following:

In 1977, Norman Ken Ouchi at IBM filed a patent disclosing what was subsequently named RAID 4.
In 1986, Clark et al. at IBM filed a patent disclosing what was subsequently named RAID 5.

Industry RAID manufacturers later tended to interpret the acronym as standing for "redundant array of independent disks".

§Concept

Many RAID levels employ an error protection scheme called "parity", a widely used method in information technology to provide fault tolerance in a given set of data. Most use simple XOR, but RAID 6 uses two separate parities based respectively on addition and multiplication in a particular Galois Field or Reed–Solomon error correction.^[14]

§Standard levels

Main article: Standard RAID levels

A number of standard schemes have evolved. These are called levels. Originally, there were five RAID levels, but many variations have evolved—notably several nested levelsand many non-standard levels (mostly proprietary). RAID levels and their associated data formats are standardized by the Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) in the Common RAID Disk Drive Format (DDF) standard:

RAID 0: RAID 0 consists of striping, without mirroring or parity. The capacity of a RAID 0 volume is the sum of the capacities of the disks in the set, the same as with a spanned volume. There is no added redundancy for handling disk failures, just as with a spanned volume. Thus, failure of one disk causes the loss of the entire RAID 0 volume, with reduced possibilities of data recovery when compared to a broken spanned volume. Striping distributes the contents of files roughly equally among all disks in the set, which makes concurrent read or write operations on the multiple disks almost inevitable. The concurrent operations make the throughput of most read and write operations equal to the throughput of one disk multiplied by the number of disks. Increased throughput is the big benefit of RAID 0 versus spanned volume.
RAID 1: RAID 1 consists of mirroring, without parity or striping. Data is written identically to two (or more) drives, thereby producing a "mirrored set". Thus, any read request can be serviced by any drive in the set. If a request is broadcast to every drive in the set, it can be serviced by the drive that accesses the data first (depending on its seek time androtational latency), improving performance. Sustained read throughput, if the controller or software is optimized for it, approaches the sum of throughputs of every drive in the set, just as for RAID 0. Actual read throughput of most RAID 1 implementations is slower than the fastest drive. Write throughput is always slower because every drive must be updated, and the slowest drive limits the write performance. The array continues to operate as long as at least one drive is functioning.
RAID 2: RAID 2 consists of bit-level striping with dedicated Hamming-code parity. All disk spindle rotation is synchronized and data is striped such that each sequential bit is on a different drive. Hamming-code parity is calculated across corresponding bits and stored on at least one parity drive. This level is of historical significance only; although it was used on some early machines (for example, the Thinking Machines CM-2), as of 2014 it is not used by any of the commercially available systems.
RAID 3: RAID 3 consists of byte-level striping with dedicated parity. All disk spindle rotation is synchronized and data is striped such that each sequential byte is on a different drive. Parity is calculated across corresponding bytes and stored on a dedicated parity drive. Although implementations exist, RAID 3 is not commonly used in practice.
RAID 4: RAID 4 consists of block-level striping with dedicated parity. This level was previously used by NetApp, but has now been largely replaced by a proprietary implementation of RAID 4 with two parity disks, called RAID-DP.
RAID 5: RAID 5 consists of block-level striping with distributed parity. Unlike in RAID 4, parity information is distributed among the drives. It requires that all drives but one be present to operate. Upon failure of a single drive, subsequent reads can be calculated from the distributed parity such that no data is lost. RAID 5 requires at least three disks.^[11]RAID 5 is seriously affected by the general trends regarding array rebuild time and chance of failure during rebuild.^[21] In August 2012, Dell posted an advisory against the use of RAID 5 in any configuration and of RAID 50 with "Class 2 7200 RPM drives of 1 TB and higher capacity" for business-critical data.
RAID 6: RAID 6 consists of block-level striping with double distributed parity. Double parity provides fault tolerance up to two failed drives. This makes larger RAID groups more practical, especially for high-availability systems, as large-capacity drives take longer to restore. As with RAID 5, a single drive failure results in reduced performance of the entire array until the failed drive has been replaced.^[11] With a RAID 6 array, using drives from multiple sources and manufacturers, it is possible to mitigate most of the problems associated with RAID 5. The larger the drive capacities and the larger the array size, the more important it becomes to choose RAID 6 instead of RAID 5.^[23]RAID 10 also minimizes these problems.

§Nested (hybrid) RAID

Main article: Nested RAID levels

In what was originally termed hybrid RAID, many storage controllers allow RAID levels to be nested. The elements of a RAID may be either individual drives or arrays themselves. Arrays are rarely nested more than one level deep.

The final array is known as the top array. When the top array is RAID 0 (such as in RAID 1+0 and RAID 5+0), most vendors omit the "+" (yielding RAID 10 and RAID 50, respectively).

RAID 1+0: creates a striped set from a series of mirrored drives. The array can sustain multiple drive losses so long as no mirror loses all its drives.

§Non-standard levels

Main article: Non-standard RAID levels

Many configurations other than the basic numbered RAID levels are possible, and many companies, organizations, and groups have created their own non-standard configurations, in many cases designed to meet the specialized needs of a small niche group. Such configurations include the following:

Hadoop has a RAID system that generates a parity file by xor-ing a stripe of blocks in a single HDFS file.

§Implementations

The distribution of data across multiple drives can be managed either by dedicated computer hardware or by software. A software solution may be part of the operating system, or it may be part of the firmware and drivers supplied with a hardware RAID controller.

§Software-based

Software RAID implementations are now provided by many operating systems. Software RAID can be implemented as:

A component of the file system (e.g. ZFS, GPFS or Btrfs)
A layer that sits above any file system and provides parity protection to user data (e.g. RAID-F)^[31]

Some advanced file systems are designed to organize data across multiple storage devices directly (without needing the help of a third-party logical volume manager):

Btrfs supports RAID 0, RAID 1 and RAID 10 (RAID 5 and 6 are under development).

Many operating systems include basic RAID implementations:

FreeBSD supports RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 3, and RAID 5, and all nestings via GEOM modules and ccd.^]
Linuxs md supports RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 4, RAID 5, RAID 6, and all nestings. Certain reshaping/resizing/expanding operations are also supported.^[45]
Microsofts server operating systems support RAID 0, RAID 1, and RAID 5. Some of the Microsoft desktop operating systems support RAID. For example, Windows XP Professional supports RAID level 0, in addition to spanning multiple drives, but only if using dynamic disks and volumes. Windows XP can be modified to support RAID 0, 1, and 5.^[46] Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 introduces a RAID-like feature known as Storage Spaces, which also allows users to specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.
NetBSD supports RAID 0, 1, 4, and 5 via its software implementation, named RAIDframe.^[48]

If a boot drive fails, the system has to be sophisticated enough to be able to boot off the remaining drive or drives. For instance, consider a computer whose disk is configured as RAID 1 (mirrored drives); if the first drive in the array fails, then a first-stage boot loader might not be sophisticated enough to attempt loading the second-stage boot loader from the second drive as a fallback. The second-stage boot loader for FreeBSD is capable of loading a kernel from such an array.^[49]

Tuesday, December 13, 2016

RAID 5 RAID 6 Or other altErnativE

RAID 5 RAID 6 Or other altErnativE?

RAID 5

RAID 6. The next level of excellence and complexity

Enhanced RAID

Other possibilities

Saturday, December 10, 2016

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Tuesday, December 6, 2016

RAID 5 and RAID 6

RAIDs utilizing parity function(s)

RAID 5

Reads in a RAID5 array

Writes in a RAID5 array

RAID 5 layouts

RAID 6

Recovery considerations

Monday, December 5, 2016

Data Recovery from RAID 5 to Computers failure

Introduction

Steps (10 total)

Shut it off!

Here.. just take my card.

Disassemble number 5!

Check your integrity at the door

Snap that image

ReclaiM your RAID parameters

Peek a boo, I see you

Test recovery

Lose your FakeRAID, lose your RAID 5. We have the technology.

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Saturday, December 3, 2016

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Monday, November 28, 2016

How To Speed Up an Android Phone Easily with 5 Simple Tips

How To Speed Up an Android Phone Easily with 5 Simple Tips

5 Tips to Speed Up Android Phone and Tablet

1. Clean up the App Cache

2. Uninstall the Unused Apps

3. Remove the Adware, bloatware and Malware

4. Remove the Unnecessary Widgets

5. Turn off the Wireless data connectivity

Wednesday, November 23, 2016

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Thursday, November 10, 2016

5 aplikasi sulap membuat game

Tuesday, November 8, 2016

Yahoo Messenger 11 5 Full

Friday, November 4, 2016

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Thursday, November 3, 2016

info RAID 5

RAID

§History

§Concept

§Standard levels

§Nested (hybrid) RAID

§Non-standard levels

§Implementations

§Software-based

§Firmware/driver-based